Ko te osmosis he āhuatanga e rere ai te wai parakore mai i tētahi otinga waimeha mā roto i tētahi kiriuhi ā-haurua-pūwero ki tētahi otinga kukū teitei ake. Ko te tikanga o te ā-haurua-pūwero ka taea e te kiriuhi te tuku i ngā ngota iti me ngā katote kia haere mā roto, engari ka mahi hei ārai ki ngā ngota nui ake, ki ngā matū rewa rānei. Ko te Osmosis Whakamuri te tukanga o te Osmosis whakamuri. Ko tētahi otinga he iti ake te kukū ka whai i te āhua tūturu ki te heke ki tētahi otinga he kukū teitei ake.

He pēhea te mahi a te pūnaha osmosis whakamuri?

Ko te osmosis whakamuri he tukanga e tango ana i ngā poke ke, ngā matū totoka, ngā ngota nui me ngā kohuke mai i te wai mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga hei pana i roto i ngā kiriuhi motuhake. He pūnaha purenga wai e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te wai mō te inu, te tunu kai me ētahi atu whakamahinga nui.

Ki te kore he pēhanga wai, ka neke te wai ma (he wai iti te kukū) kua purea mā te osmosis ki te wai he kukū teitei. Ka panaia te wai mā roto i te kiriuhi haurua-whakauru. He maha ngā pūwero o tēnei tātari kiriuhi, he iti noa iho, tae atu ki te 0.0001 maikorona, ka taea te tātari i te 99% o ngā poke pērā i te huakita (tata ki te 1 maikorona), te paowa tupeka (0.07 maikorona), ngā huaketo (0.02-0.04 maikorona), me ētahi atu. Ā, ko ngā ngota wai ma anake ka puta mā roto.

Ahakoa te whakamahi i te pūnaha horoi wai osmosis whakamuri, ka taea te tātari i ngā kohuke whai hua katoa e hiahiatia ana e ō tātou tinana, he hangarau whai hua, kua whakamātauhia hoki hei whakaputa wai parakore, he wai māori hoki, e tika ana mō te inu. Me whakarato e te pūnaha RO he wai parakore teitei mō ngā tau maha, kia taea ai e koe te inu me te kore e manukanuka.

He aha te whai huatanga o te tātari membrane mō te purenga wai?

Ko te tikanga, ko ngā mīhini horoi wai kua whakawhanakehia tae noa ki tēnei wā kua whakarōpūtia ki te tikanga tātari kore-kiripū me te tikanga horoi wai osmosis whakamuri e whakamahi ana i te kiripū.

Ko te tātari kore-membrane ka mahia mā te tātari waro, e tātari ana i te reka kino, te kakara, te chlorine, me ētahi matū waro i roto i te wai puna. Ko te nuinga o ngā matūriki, pērā i ngā matū kore-waro, ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā matū waro me ngā matū whakaputa mate pukupuku, kāore e taea te tango me te tuku mā roto. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tikanga purenga wai osmosis whakamuri e whakamahi ana i te membrane te tikanga purenga wai tino pai o te ao e whakamahi ana i te membrane haurua-permeable wai i hangaia e te hangarau hangarau polymer hou. He tikanga purenga wai e haere ana mā roto, e wehe ana, e tango ana i ngā kohuke kore-waro, ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, ngā huakita, me ngā rauemi irahiko kei roto i te wai puna hei hanga wai parakore.

Ko te mutunga iho, ka puritia te matū whakarewa ki te taha pēhanga o te kiriuhi, ā, ka tukuna te whakarewa parakore kia haere ki tērā taha. Kia "whiriwhiri" ai, kaua tēnei kiriuhi e tuku i ngā ngota nui, i ngā katote rānei kia puta mā roto i ngā pū (ngā kōhao), engari me tuku i ngā wāhanga iti o te otinga (pērā i ngā ngota whakarewa, arā, te wai, te H2O) kia puta noa.

He pono rawa tēnei i konei i California, he tino pakari te wai puna. Nō reira, he aha e kore ai e pai ki te wai ma, haumaru hoki me te pūnaha osmosis whakamuri?

Tātari Kiriuhi R/O

I ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1950, i whakamahia e Tākuta Sidney Loeb i UCLA te osmosis whakamuri (RO) mā te whakawhanake tahi me Srinivasa Sourirajan i ngā kiriuhi anisotropic haurua-permeable. Ko ngā kiriuhi osmosis horihori he kiriuhi haurua-permeable kua hangaia mō te hunga whai kōhao he 0.0001 maikorona te rahi, kotahi miriona te matotoru o te makawe. He tātari motuhake tēnei kiriuhi i hangaia mā te hangarau hangarau polymer, kāore e taea e ngā poke matū me ngā huakita me ngā huaketo te haere.

Ina pēhia te wai poke kia puta mā roto i tēnei kiriuhi motuhake, ka tukuna ngā matū taumaha ngota teitei, pērā i te wai kotakota kua rewa i roto i te wai, me ngā matū taumaha ngota teitei pērā i te kotakota, kua rewa i roto i te wai, mā roto i te kiriuhi haurua-pūngao me te wai parakore anake o te taumaha ngota iti me te hāora rewa me ngā toenga o ngā kohuke waro. Kua hangaia ēnei kia tukuna atu i roto i te kiriuhi mā te pēhanga o te wai hou kāore e puta mā roto i te kiriuhi haurua-pūngao, ā, ka haere tonu te pana ki roto.

Ko te mutunga iho, ka puritia te matū whakarewa ki te taha pēhanga o te kiriuhi, ā, ka tukuna te whakarewa parakore kia haere ki tērā taha. Kia "whiriwhiri" ai, kaua tēnei kiriuhi e tuku i ngā ngota nui, i ngā katote rānei kia puta mā roto i ngā pū (ngā kōhao), engari me tuku i ngā wāhanga iti o te otinga (pērā i ngā ngota whakarewa, arā, te wai, te H2O) kia puta noa.

Ko ngā kiriuhi, i whakarewaina mō ngā kaupapa hauora, i whakawhanakehia mō ngā pakanga hōia, hei whakarato rānei i te wai inu ma, kore poke ki ngā hōia, me te pure anō i te mimi o te kairangi rererangi i kohia ina puta he huihuinga ohorere i te wā tūhuratanga ātea. Kei te whakamahia mō te rererangi mō te wai inu, ā, i ngā wā tata nei, kei te whakamahi ngā kamupene inu nui i ngā mīhini horoi wai ahumahi nui-kaha mō te hanga pounamu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mīhini horoi wai whare.