Ko te osmosis whakamuri (RO) he tukanga mō te tango i te ion, te pure rānei i te wai mā te pana i roto i tētahi kiriuhi haurua-permeable i te pēhanga teitei. Ko te kiriuhi RO he paparanga angiangi o te rauemi tātari e tango ana i ngā poke me ngā tote rewa i te wai. Ko te tukutuku tautoko polyester, he paparanga polysulfone moroiti porous, me te paparanga arai polyamide tino angiangi e hanga ana i ngā paparanga e toru. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei kiriuhi i roto i ngā tukanga hanga me te hanga wai inu.

Kua tere te rongonui o te hangarau osmosis whakamuri (RO) i roto i te ao ahumahi o te ao, inā koa i roto i ngā rāngai maimoatanga wai me te tango tote. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he tūhura i ngā au hou o te hangarau kiriuhi osmosis whakamuri i roto i te horopaki ahumahi o te ao, me te arotahi motuhake ki ngā kaiārahi matua, ngā auahatanga, me ngā wero e hanga ana i te ahumahi.

1. Te Tipu me te Whanuitanga o te Mākete
   Kua tino piki haere te hiahia o te ao mō te hangarau membrane osmosis whakamuri i ngā tau tata nei, nā te pikinga ake o ngā āwangawanga mō te korenga o te wai me te hiahia mō ngā otinga whakahaere wai pumau. Nā tēnei pikinga o te hiahia kua nui haere te mākete, me ngā ahumahi kanorau, tae atu ki te whakaputa hiko, ngā rongoā, me te kai me te inu, e whakamahi ana i te hangarau RO mō ngā tukanga purenga me te maimoatanga wai.

2. Ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau
   Hei whakautu i te pikinga o te tono mākete, kua nui ngā nekehanga kua mahia i roto i te hangarau membrane RO, ā, kua hua ake te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi me ngā hoahoa membrane matatau. Ko ngā mahi auaha matua ko te whakaurunga o ngā membrane nanocomposite mahi-teitei, ngā membrane ātete-paru kua whakarei ake, me ngā kōwae membrane hou me te pai ake o te uruhanga me te whiriwhiri. Nā ēnei whanaketanga hangarau kua tino whakarei ake i te whai huatanga me te pono o ngā pūnaha RO, ā, nā reira ka whānui ake te whakamahinga me te akiaki i te tipu o te mākete.

3. Ngā Mahi Tauwhiro me te Pānga ki te Taiao
   Nā te kaha haere o te aro ki te oranga tonutanga me te tiaki taiao, kua akiakihia ngā kaitākaro ahumahi ki te arotahi ki te whakarei ake i te hoahoa taiao o te hangarau kiriuhi RO. Nā tēnei kua whakawhanakehia ngā kōwae kiriuhi e whai hua ana ki te pūngao, ngā tukanga hanga kiriuhi e pai ana ki te taiao, me te whakaurunga o ngā mahi hangarua me te whakaora kiriuhi. Ehara i te mea ka whai wāhi noa ēnei kaupapa ki te whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao o te hangarau RO engari ka whakanoho hoki i a ia hei otinga whai hua mō te aro atu ki ngā wero oranga tonutanga wai o te ao.

Hei whakamutunga, i te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te umanga, ko te huihuinga o ngā whanaketanga o ngā rauemi membrane, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te tiaki taiao ka whai wāhi nui ki te hanga i te huarahi o te hangarau RO ā muri ake nei, ka waiho hei rawa nui hei aro atu ki ngā wero wai o te ao.