Ka manatoko motuhake mātou i ngā mea katoa e taunaki ana mātou. Ina hoko koe mā roto i ā mātou hononga, ka whiwhi pea mātou i tētahi komihana. ako atu>
He kaituhi a Tim Heffernan mō te kounga o te hau me te wai me ngā hangarau pūngao tauwhiro. He pai ake ki a ia te whakamātautau i ngā mea horoi ki te paoa o ngā mati Flare.
Kua tāpirihia hoki e mātou tētahi kōwhiringa pai, ko Cyclopure Purefast, he tātari hototahi ki a Brita kua whai tiwhikete NSF/ANSI hei whakaiti i te PFAS.
Mena kei te rapu koe i te huarahi māmā ki te tiki wai inu kua tātarihia i te kāinga, ka tūtohu mātou i te Brita Elite Water Filter, me te Brita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher, te Brita Standard 27-Cup Capacity Pitcher rānei (ki te mea he nui te wai e whakamahia ana e koe i roto i tō kāinga) te Brita Standard 27-Cup Capacity Pitcher, te Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser rānei. Engari i mua i tō whiriwhiri i tētahi o ēnei, kia mōhio koe i muri i te tata ki te tekau tau o te whakatinanatanga o te tātari wai kāinga, e whakapono ana mātou ko ngā tātari wai kei raro i te totohu, kei raro rānei i te paipa te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu. Ka roa ake te ora, ka tere ake te tuku wai ma, ka whakaiti i ngā poke, ka iti ake te tūponotanga kia purua, ā, he torutoru noa ngā meneti hei tāuta.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira, he nui ake i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga, ā, kua hangaia mō te wā whakakapinga e ono marama te roa. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Ko te ipu wai rongonui a Brita te mea tino rongonui o te kāwai ipu wai tātari, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi me te tiaki i te ma i te maha atu o ngā tauira Brita.
He nui te mana o te Brita Water Dispenser hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia wai o ia rā mō tētahi whānau nui, ā, kua hangaia tōna taputapu ārai-tauraki kia māmā ai te whakamahi mā ngā tamariki.
Kua whakamātauria te LifeStraw Home Dispenser kia tangohia ngā tini poke, tae atu ki te mata, ā, he nui ake te ātete o tana tātari ki te aukati i tētahi atu tātari kua whakamātauria e mātou.
Ko te rauemi tātari Dexsorb, kua whakamatautauria ki ngā paerewa NSF/ANSI, ka hopukina te whānuitanga o ngā matū pumau (PFAS), tae atu ki te PFOA me te PFOS.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira, he nui ake i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga, ā, kua hangaia mō te wā whakakapinga e ono marama te roa. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Ko te tātari tino whai hua a Brita ko te Brita Elite. He tiwhikete ANSI/NSF tōna, ā, he nui ake ngā poke e tangohia ana i tētahi atu tātari wai e whāngaihia ana e te kaha ā-papatipu kua whakamatautauria e mātou; kei roto i ēnei poke ko te mata, te mercury, te cadmium, te PFOA, me te PFOS, me te whānuitanga o ngā matū ahumahi me ngā poke wai tap e piki haere ana te noho hei "pokenga hou." He 120 karani te roa o tōna oranga, e ono marama rānei, e toru ngā wā o te roa o te oranga kua whakaritea o te nuinga o ngā tātari. I te wā roa, ka iti ake te utu o te Elite i te tātari e rua marama te roa. Heoi, ka taea e te paru i roto i te wai te ārai i mua i te paunga o ngā marama e ono. Mena e mōhio ana koe he ma tō wai tap engari e hiahia ana koe kia reka ake (ina koa he kakara chlorine), he iti ake te utu o te tātari ipu me te tohatoha paerewa a Brita, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te ārai, engari kāore i te whakamanahia kei roto he mata, he matū ahumahi rānei.
Ko te ipu wai rongonui a Brita te mea tino rongonui o te kāwai ipu wai tātari, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi me te tiaki i te ma i te maha atu o ngā tauira Brita.
O ngā tini ipu Brita, ko tā mātou tino pai ko te Brita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher. Nā te hoahoa kore-wāhi-mate ka māmā ake te horoi i ērā atu pounamu Brita, ā, nā te āhuatanga hurihanga-koromatua kotahi-ringa ka māmā ake te whakakī anō. He pai ake hoki te kakau piko-āhua-C i ngā kakau koki-āhua-D e kitea ana i te nuinga o ngā pounamu Brita.
He nui te mana o te Brita Water Dispenser hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia wai o ia rā mō tētahi whānau nui, ā, kua hangaia tōna taputapu ārai-tauraki kia māmā ai te whakamahi mā ngā tamariki.
E 27 kapu wai te rahi o te wai e taea ana te pupuri i te Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser (18 kapu i roto i te ipu tātari, me ētahi atu 9 ki te 10 kapu i roto i te ipu whakakī o runga). Nā tōna hoahoa angiangi ka penapena wāhi i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, ā, ka kati te taputapu i muri i te ringihanga hei ārai i te waipuke. He huarahi watea tēnei ki te pupuri tonu i te nui o te wai matao, kua tātarihia.
Kua whakamātauria te LifeStraw Home Dispenser kia tangohia ngā tini poke, tae atu ki te mata, ā, he nui ake te ātete o tana tātari ki te aukati i tētahi atu tātari kua whakamātauria e mātou.
I whakamahia e mātou te LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser hei tātari i te 2.5 karani wai kua tino waikura, ā, ahakoa i puhoi te tere i te mutunga, kāore i mutu te tātari. Ko tēnei hua tā mātou whiringa pai mō te hunga kua pāngia e ngā tātari wai kua purua i roto i ētahi atu tātari wai, tae atu ki tā mātou whiringa pai, te Brita Elite, e rapu ana rānei i tētahi otinga mō te wai waikura, te wai paru rānei. E whā ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF a LifeStraw (hauora, reka me te kakara, mata, me te mercury) ā, kua whakamatautauria motuhaketia e tētahi taiwhanga whaimana kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa purenga ANSI/NSF tāpiri.
Ko te rauemi tātari Dexsorb, kua whakamatautauria ki ngā paerewa NSF/ANSI, ka hopukina te whānuitanga o ngā matū pumau (PFAS), tae atu ki te PFOA me te PFOS.
Ka whakamahia e ngā tātari Purefast a Cyclopure te Dexsorb, te rauemi kotahi e whakamahia ana e ētahi whare rongoā hei tango i ngā matū pumau (PFAS) mai i ngā puna wai tūmatanui. Ka mahi tahi me tā mātou ipu wai me te tohatoha Brita e taunakitia ana. E 65 karani te whakatauranga, he tere te tātari i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, ā, kāore e tino puhoi i te roanga o te wā, ahakoa pērā i tētahi tātari whāngai-papa, ka taea te ārai mena he nui te paru kei roto i tō wai. Ka tae mai hoki te tātari i roto i tētahi kōpaki kua utua mua; tukuna tō tātari kua whakamahia ki Cyclopure, ā, ka hangarua e te kamupene i roto i tētahi huarahi e whakangaro ai i ngā PFAS katoa e hopukina ana e ia kia kore ai e turuturu ki te taiao. Kāore a Brita e taunaki ana i ngā tātari tuatoru, engari i te mea he tiwhikete NSF/ANSI ngā tātari Purefast me ngā rauemi Dexsorb hei whakaiti i te PFAS, ka tūtohu mātou i a rātou me te maia. Kia mahara ko te PFAS me te chlorine anake ka hopukina. Mena he āwangawanga anō āu, whiriwhiria a Brita Elite;
Kua whakamātautau ahau i ngā tātari wai mō Wirecutter mai i te tau 2016. Mō te pūrongo, he roa aku kōrero ki a NSF me te Water Quality Association, ngā tari tiwhikete tātari wai nui rawa atu e rua i te United States, kia mārama ai ahau ki ā rātou tikanga whakamātautau. Kua uiuitia e au ngā māngai o te maha o ngā kaihanga tātari wai hei manatoko i ā rātou kereme. He maha ngā tātari wai me ngā ipu kua whakamahia e au i roto i ngā tau nā te mea he mea nui te roa o te mau, te ngāwari me te utu o te tiaki, me te ngāwari o te whakamahi mō tētahi mea e whakamahia ana i ngā wā maha i te rā.
I rangahau, i tuhi hoki te kaipūtaiao o mua o te Tari Moana me te Āhuarangi (NOAA) a John Holecek i tētahi putanga o mua o tēnei aratohu, i whakahaere i āna ake whakamātautau, ā, i whakahau anō i ētahi atu whakamātautau motuhake.
Ko tēnei aratohu mā te hunga e hiahia ana ki tētahi tātari wai āhua-kettle (arā, ko te mea e kohi ai te wai mai i te tap, ka pupuri ai i roto i te pouaka whakamātao).
Ko te ataahua o te ipu tātari he ngāwari ki te whakamahi. Me whakakī noa ki te wai puna, kātahi ka tatari kia mahi te tātari. He iti te utu: ko te utu mō ngā tātari whakakapinga (e tika ana kia whakakapia i ia rua marama) he iti iho i te $15.
He iti noa iho ngā ngoikoretanga o ēnei tātari. He iti ake te whai huatanga o ēnei tātari ki ngā poke i te nuinga o ngā tātari kei raro i te totohu, kei raro rānei i te pūwero, nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha ā-papa kaua ki te pēhanga wai, ā, me iti ake te mātotoru o te tātari.
Ko te tikanga o te whakamahi i te kaha ā-papa he puhoi hoki ngā tātari ipu: e 5 ki te 15 meneti te roa o te whakakī i te wai mai i te puna o runga mā roto i te tātari, ā, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia whakakīhia kia kī tonu ai te hāte wai ma.
He maha ngā wā ka purua ngā tātari ipu wai i te paru mai i te wai puna, i ngā mirumiru hau iti rānei e hanga ana i roto i ngā pūwero hau o ngā taputapu, ka mau.
Mō ēnei take, ka tūtohu mātou kia tāutahia he tātari ki raro i te totohu, ki runga rānei i te taputapu mēnā ka taea.
I te Hononga o Amerika, ko te Tari Tiaki Taiao (EPA) te kaiwhakahaere o ngā tuku wai tūmatanui i raro i te Ture Wai Inu Haumaru, ā, me tutuki i ngā paerewa kounga tino pakari te wai e tukuna ana mai i ngā whare maimoatanga wai tūmatanui. Heoi, kāore i te whakahaeretia ngā poke katoa.
Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā poke te tomo mai i muri i te putanga mai o te wai i ngā whare rongoā mā roto i ngā paipa turuturu, mā te turuturu rānei (mēnā he mata) mā roto i ngā paipa tonu. Mā te rongoā i te wai i te whare rongoā (mēnā kāore e mahia) ka kino ake ngā turuturu o ngā paipa o raro iho, pērā i te mea i tupu i Flint, Michigan.
Hei kimi i ngā mea e mahue ana i tō kaiwhakarato, ka kitea e koe te Pūrongo Whakawhirinaki Kaihoko EPA (CCR) ā-ture a tō kaiwhakarato ā-rohe i runga ipurangi. Ki te kore, me whakarato e ngā kaiwhakarato wai tūmatanui katoa he CCR ina tonoa.
Engari nā te mea ka taea te poke i te wai o raro, ko te huarahi anake hei mōhio mārika ki ngā mea kei roto i te wai o tō whare ko te whakamātautau. Ka taea e tō taiwhanga kounga wai o te rohe te whakamātautau, ka taea rānei e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kete whakamātautau kāinga. I arotakehia e mātou te 11 o aua mea, ā, i miharo mātou ki te Tap Score a SimpleLab, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi, ā, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūrongo whānui, mārama hoki mō ngā poke, mēnā he poke kei roto i tō wai puna.
Mā te whakamātautau kounga wai tāone matatau a SimpleLab Tap Score ka taea e koe te tātari whānui i tō wai inu me ngā hua e ngāwari ana ki te pānui.
Hei whakarite kia pono ngā tātari wai e taunakihia ana e mātou, ka tohe tonu mātou kia tutuki ā mātou whiringa i te paerewa koura: te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF. Ko te American National Standards Institute (ANSI) me te National Science Foundation (NSF) he whakahaere tūmataiti, kore-moni e mahi tahi ana me te Environmental Protection Agency, ngā kaihanga, me ētahi atu tohunga ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa kounga pakari mō ngā mano tini hua, tae atu ki ngā tātari wai, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau.
Ka tutuki noa ngā paerewa tiwhikete i muri i te roanga atu o te ora mahi e tumanakohia ana, me te whakamahi i ngā tauira "whakamātautau" he nui ake te poke i te nuinga o te wai puna.
E rua ngā taiwhanga matua e whakamana ana i ngā kaiwhakapai wai: ko tētahi ko NSF Labs, ko tētahi ko te Water Quality Association (WQA). E rua ngā whakahaere kua whakamanahia katoatia e ANSI me te Canadian Standards Council i Amerika Te Raki ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tiwhikete ANSI/NSF.
Engari i muri i ngā tau o te tautohetohe ā-roto, ka whakaae mātou inaianei ki te kereme whānui "kua whakamatautauria ki ngā paerewa ANSI/NSF," kāore i whakamanahia mana, engari me tutuki ētahi whakaritenga tino pakari: tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau e tētahi taiwhanga motuhake kāore e whakahaerehia e te kaihanga tātari; tuarua, ko te taiwhanga tonu he ANSI, he mea whakamanahia rānei e ētahi atu whakahaere ā-motu, ā-kāwanatanga rānei ki te mahi whakamātautau tino pakari e ai ki ngā paerewa kua whakatūria; tuatoru, ko te taiwhanga whakamātautau, ōna hua, me āna tikanga ka whakaputaina e te kaihanga. Tuawhā, he roa te hītori o te kaihanga ki te hanga tātari. Kua whakamātauhia te haumaru, te pono, me te pono o ngā tuhinga e ai ki te whakaahuatanga.
I whakawhāitihia anō e mātou te whānuitanga ki ngā tātari kua whakamanahia, kua rite rānei ki te iti rawa e rua ngā paerewa matua ANSI/NSF (Paerewa 42 me te Paerewa 53, e kapi ana i te chlorine me ētahi atu poke "ataahua", tae atu ki ngā konganuku taumaha pērā i te mata me ngā matū waro pērā i ngā patupatu). Ko te Paerewa 401 hou e kapi ana i ngā "pokenga hou" pērā i ngā rongoā e piki haere ana te kitea i roto i te wai o Amerika, ā, ka aro nui mātou ki ngā tātari me tēnei momo rerekētanga.
I tīmata mātou mā te tirotiro i ngā ipu wai rongonui 10 ki te 11 kapu, me ngā ipu wai nui ake te kaha e tino pai ana mō ngā whare e nui ana te wai e whakamahia ana. (He maha ngā kamupene e tuku ana i ngā ipu wai iti ake mō te hunga kāore e hiahia ki tētahi ipu wai rahi tonu.)
Kātahi ka whakaritea e mātou ngā taipitopito hoahoa (tae atu ki te momo kakau me te whakamarie), te ngāwari o te tāutanga me te whakakapinga tātari, te wāhi e nohoia ana e te hū me te tohatoha i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, me te rahinga o te tāke whakakī o runga ki te ōwehenga o te tāke "tātari" o raro (ko te teitei ake o te ōwehenga, ko te pai ake, nā te mea ka nui ake te wai tātari i ia wā ka whakamahia e koe te taputapu).
I te tau 2016, i whakahaerehia e mātou ētahi whakamātautau ā-roto o ētahi tātari hei whakataurite i ā mātou hua ki ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF me ngā kereme a te kaihanga. I ine a John Holecek i te tere tango haukini o ia tātari i roto i tana taiwhanga. Mō ā mātou kōwhiringa tuatahi e rua, i tonoa e mātou he taiwhanga whakamātautau motuhake hei whakamātautau i te tango mata mā te whakamahi i ngā otinga he nui ake te taumata o te poke mata i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te NSF i roto i tana kawa tiwhikete.
Ko tā mātou whakatau matua mai i tā mātou whakamātautau ko te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF, te tiwhikete ōrite rānei, he paerewa pono mō te ine i te mahi tātari. Kāore tēnei i te miharo i te āhua pakari o ngā paerewa tiwhikete. Mai i taua wā, kua whakawhirinaki mātou ki te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF, ki te tiwhikete ōrite rānei, hei whakatau i te mahi a tētahi tātari.
Ko tā mātou whakamātautau e whai ake nei e arotahi ana ki te whakamahinga o te ao tūturu, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te ao tūturu e kitea noa ana i muri i te whakamahinga roa o ēnei hua.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira, he nui ake i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga, ā, kua hangaia mō te wā whakakapinga e ono marama te roa. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Ko te Tātari Wai Brita Elite (i mua ko Longlast+) he tiwhikete ANSI/NSF hei tango i te neke atu i te 30 ngā poke (PDF), tae atu ki te mata, te mercury, ngā kirihou moroiti, te asbestos, me ngā PFAS e rua e kitea whānuitia ana: te waikawa perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) me te waikawa perfluorinated octane sulfonic (PFOS). Nā reira koinei te tātari wai ipu kua tino whakamanahia kua whakamatautauria e mātou, ā, he mea hoki e taunakihia ana e mātou mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te rangimarie o te hinengaro.
Kua whakamanahia hei tango i ngā poke maha atu. Kei roto i ēnei poke ko te chlorine (ka tāpirihia ki te wai hei whakaiti i ngā huakita me ētahi atu mate urutā, koinei te tino take o te "reka kino" i roto i te wai paipa), ngā matū waro pūngāwerewere ka kino te ate, me ngā momo "e puta ake ana"; kei te kitea ngā matū pēnei i te bisphenol A (BPA), te DEET (he ārai pepeke noa), me te estrone, he momo hangai o te estrogen.
Ahakoa he maha ngā tātari wai o ngā ipu wai e hiahiatia ana kia whakakapia i ia 40 karani, i ia rua marama rānei, ko te roa o te tātari wai Elite he 120 karani, e ono marama rānei. Ko te tikanga, e rua noa ngā tātari wai Elite e whakamahia ana e koe i ia tau, kaua e ono — ka iti ake te para, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakakapinga mā te 50%.
Mō te tātari ipu, he tino tere te mahi. I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, e 5-7 meneti noa iho te roa o te whakakī katoa o te tātari Elite hou. Ko ngā tātari rite te rahi i whakamatautauria e mātou he roa ake te wā — he maha ngā wā 10 meneti, neke atu rānei.
Engari he raruraru kei reira. Pērā i te nuinga o ngā tātari ipu, he ngāwari te Elite ki te aukati, ka taea ai te whakaroa, te aukati rānei i tana tātari, ko te tikanga me whakakapi pinepine koe. He maha ngā kaiwhakamahi kua amuamu mō tēnei take, ā, i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, ka tīmata te whakaroa o te Elite i mua i te taenga ki tōna kaha 120-karani. Mena he raruraru tāu ki te paru i roto i tō wai puna (he tohu pea nō ngā paipa waikura), tera pea kei te pāngia koe e te mea kotahi.
Ā, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki ngā parenga katoa a te Elite. Mena kei te tino mohio koe he pai te kounga o tō wai tap (ka taea e koe te kite mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaiwhakamātautau kāinga), ka tūtohu mātou kia whakapai ake koe ki te tātari ipu me te tātari tuku wai paerewa a Brita. E rima noa iho ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF (PDF), tae atu ki te chlorine (engari ehara i te mata, ngā mea rauropi, ngā poke hou rānei), he iti iho i te Elite. Engari he iti ake te utu, he iti ake te aukati i te tātari, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te reka o tō wai.
He ngāwari noa iho te hē i te tāutanga o tētahi tātari Brita. I te tīmatanga, i te āhua nei i mau tonu te tātari ki tōna tūranga. Engari me pēhi anō kia uru katoa. Ki te kore koe e pēhi ki raro, ka turuturu pea te wai kāore i tātarihia i ngā taha o te tātari ina whakakīia te puna o runga, ko te tikanga kāore tō wai "tātarihia" e puta mai. Ko ētahi o ngā tātari i hokona e mātou mō te whakamātautau 2023 me whakanoho kia taea ai e te mokowā roa i tetahi taha o te tātari te neke i runga i te pari e rite ana i roto i ētahi ipu Brita. (Ko ētahi atu pounamu, tae atu ki tā mātou pounamu wai 10-kapu pai rawa atu o ia rā, kāore he pari, e taea ai e koe te whakanoho i te tātari ki tētahi taha.)