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He kaituhi a Tim Heffernan e kapi ana i ngā take kounga o te hau me te wai me ngā hangarau pūngao pumau. Hei whakamātautau i ngā kaihoroi, he pai ake ki a ia te whakamahi i te paowa mati waitohu Flare.
Kua tae mai te huihuinga o te Rā o Oketopa a Amazon Prime! Kua kohia e mātou ngā whakaaro nui katoa mai i a Wirecutter.
Kua tāpirihia hoki e mātou tētahi kōwhiringa pai, arā, ko Cyclopure Purefast, he tātari e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a Brita, kua whakamanahia e te NSF/ANSI mō te whakaiti i te PFAS.
Mena kei te rapu koe i te huarahi māmā ki te tiki wai inu kua tātarihia i te kāinga, ka tūtohu mātou i te Brita Elite Filter me te Brita Standard Daily 10-kapu ipu, te Brita 27-kapu ipu rānei (ki te mea he nui te wai e whakamahia ana e tō whare). He ipu wai Ultramax. Engari i mua i tō whiriwhiri i tētahi o aua mea, kia mōhio koe, i muri i te tata ki te tekau tau o te rangahau mō te tātari wai kāinga, e whakapono ana mātou ko ngā tātari kei raro i te totohu, kei raro rānei i te paipa te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu. Ka roa ake te ora, ka tere ake te tuku wai ma, ka whakaiti i ngā poke, ka iti ake te tūponotanga kia purua, ā, he meneti noa iho te roa o te tāutanga.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira—he nui atu i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga—ā, kua hangaia kia ono marama te roa i waenga i ngā whakakapinga. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Ko te ipu wai Brita rongonui te mea nui mō te ipu wai tātari, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi me te pupuri kia ma i te nuinga o ngā tauira Brita.
Ka taea e te mīhini wai Brita te pupuri i te wai e ranea ana mō te rā mō tētahi whānau nui, ā, he ngāwari noa iho te whakamahi a te taputapu ārai-tauraki mā ngā tamariki.
Kua whakamātauria ponotia te LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser hei tango i ngā tini poke, tae atu ki te mata, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te aukati i tōna tātari i tētahi atu taputapu whakaputa wai kua whakamātauria e mātou.
Kua whakamātauhia te rauemi tātari Dexsorb ki ngā paerewa NSF/ANSI, ā, ka hopukina e ia te whānuitanga o ngā matū pumau (PFAS), tae atu ki te PFOA me te PFOS.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira—he nui atu i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga—ā, kua hangaia kia ono marama te roa i waenga i ngā whakakapinga. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Ko te tātari Brita tino whai hua ko te tātari Brita Elite. He tiwhikete ANSI/NSF, ā, he nui ake ngā poke e tātarihia ana e ia i tētahi atu tātari whāngai-papatipu kua whakamatautauria e mātou; kei roto i ēnei ko te mata, te mercury, te cadmium, te PFOA me te PFOS, me te whānuitanga o ngā matū ahumahi e kitea nuitia ana i roto i te wai tap. Kei reira ngā "pokenga hou". Ko te roanga o te ora he 120 karani, e ono marama rānei, e toru ngā wā te roanga o te ora kua whakatauhia o te nuinga o ngā tātari. I te wā roa, ka iti ake pea te utu o te tātari Elite i te tātari e rua marama te roa. Heoi, i mua i te pahemotanga o ngā marama e ono, ka ārai pea te paru i roto i te wai. Mena kei te mōhio koe he ma tō wai tap engari e hiahia ana koe kia reka ake, ina koa he kakara chlorine, he iti ake te utu o te tātari ipu wai me te tātari tuku wai Brita paerewa, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka ārai, engari kāore i te tiwhikete mata, i tētahi atu matū ahumahi rānei.
Ko te ipu wai Brita rongonui te mea nui mō te ipu wai tātari, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi me te pupuri kia ma i te nuinga o ngā tauira Brita.
I roto i ngā pounamu wai Brita maha, ko tā mātou tino pai ko te Brita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Nā te hoahoa kore-kokonga me te kore-ngatata ka māmā ake te horoi i ērā atu ipu Brita, ā, nā te taupoki kotahi-ringa ka māmā ake te whakakī anō. He pai ake hoki te kakau piko-āhua-C i te kakau koki-āhua-D e kitea ana i te nuinga o ngā pounamu Brita.
Ka taea e te mīhini wai Brita te pupuri i te wai e ranea ana mō te rā mō tētahi whānau nui, ā, he ngāwari noa iho te whakamahi a te taputapu ārai-tauraki mā ngā tamariki.
E 27 kapu wai te rahi o te wai e taea ana te pupuri i te pūwero wai Brita Ultramax (18 kapu i roto i te pūwero tātari, ā, e 9, e 10 rānei kapu i roto i te pūwero o runga). Nā tōna hoahoa angiangi ka penapena wāhi i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, ā, ka kati aunoa te pūwero i muri i te ringihanga hei ārai i te waipuke. He huarahi watea tēnei kia nui tonu te wai matao kua tātarihia.
Kua whakamātauria ponotia te LifeStraw Home Water Dispenser hei tango i ngā tini poke, tae atu ki te mata, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te aukati i tōna tātari i tētahi atu taputapu whakaputa wai kua whakamātauria e mātou.
I rere mātou i te 2.5 karani wai kua tino poke i te waikura mā roto i te mīhini whakaputa wai kāinga LifeStraw, ā, ahakoa i pōturi te wai i te mutunga, kāore i mutu te tātari. Mō te hunga kua pāngia e ngā aukati i roto i ētahi atu tātari wai (tae atu ki tā mātou whiringa pai ko Brita Elite) e rapu ana rānei i tētahi otinga mō te wai waikura, paru rānei o te puna wai, ko tēnei tātari tā mātou whiringa mārama. E whā ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF a LifeStraw (hauora, reka me te kakara, mata me te mercury) ā, kua whakamatautauria motuhaketia e tētahi taiwhanga whaimana kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa horoi ANSI/NSF maha atu.
Kua whakamātauhia te rauemi tātari Dexsorb ki ngā paerewa NSF/ANSI, ā, ka hopukina e ia te whānuitanga o ngā matū pumau (PFAS), tae atu ki te PFOA me te PFOS.
Ka whakamahia e ngā tātari Cyclopure Purefast te rauemi Dexsorb kotahi e whakamahia ana i ētahi whare horoi wai para hei tango tūturu i ngā matū (PFAS) mai i ngā puna wai tūmatanui. Ka uru ki ā mātou ipu me ngā taputapu tohatoha Brita e taunakitia ana. E 65 karani te whakatauranga, ā, ka tere te tātari i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, ā, kāore e tino puhoi te tere i roto i te wā, ahakoa pērā i ngā tātari taumaha katoa, ki te nui te paru i roto i te wai, ka taea te aukati. Kei te haere mai hoki te tātari me te kete kua utua mua; tukuna te tātari kua whakamahia ki Cyclopure, ā, ka tukatukahia e te kamupene hei whakangaro i ngā PFAS kua hopukina kia kore ai e taea te uru ki te taiao. Kāore a Brita e tautoko i te whakamahinga o ngā tātari tuatoru, engari i te mea he tiwhikete NSF/ANSI ngā tātari Purefast me ngā rauemi Dexsorb hei whakaiti i te PFAS, e maia ana mātou ki te taunaki i a rātou. Kia mahara ko te PFAS me te chlorine anake ka hopukina. Mena kei te āwangawanga koe mō ētahi atu mea, whakaarohia te Brita Elite;
Kua whakamātautau ahau i ngā tātari wai Wirecutter mai i te tau 2016. I roto i taku pūrongo, i kōrero roa ahau ki a NSF me te Water Quality Institute, ngā whakahaere tiwhikete tātari nui e rua i te United States, kia mārama ai ahau ki te whakahaere i ā rātou whakamātautau. Kua uiuitia e au ngā māngai o te maha o ngā kaihanga tātari wai hei whakahē i ā rātou kereme. He maha ngā tātari me ngā ipu kua whakamahia e au i roto i ngā tau nā te mea he mea tino nui te roa o te mau, te ngāwari me te utu o te tiaki, me te ngāwari ki te whakamahi mō tētahi mea e whakamahia ana e koe i ngā wā maha i te rā.
Nā te kaipūtaiao NOAA o mua, nā John Holecek, i rangahau, i tuhi hoki i tētahi putanga o mua o tēnei aratohu, i whakahaere i āna ake whakamātautau, ā, i whakahau i ētahi atu whakamātautau motuhake.
Ko tēnei aratohu mā te hunga e hiahia ana ki tētahi tātari wai āhua hūpā hei whakakī i ā rātou wai puna, hei pupuri hoki i roto i te pouaka whakamātao.
Ko te painga o te tātari ipu he ngāwari ki te whakamahi. Ko tāu noa he whakakī i aua tātari mai i te puna wai, kātahi ka tatari kia mahi te tātari. He iti hoki te utu mō te hoko, ā, ko ngā tātari whakakapinga (e hiahiatia ana i ia rua marama) he iti iho i te $15 te utu.
He maha ngā ngoikoretanga o ēnei tātari. He iti ake ngā poke ka taea te tango atu i te nuinga o ngā tātari kei raro i te totohu, kei raro rānei i te pūwero, nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha ā-papa kaua ki te pēhanga wai, ā, me iti ake te matotoru o te tātari.
Ko te whakawhirinaki ki te kaha ā-papa te tikanga he puhoi ngā tātari ipu: ka roa pea te 5 ki te 15 meneti hei whakakī i te wai mai i te puna wai o runga mā roto i te tātari, ā, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia maha ngā whakakīnga hei kī i te ipu wai ma.
He maha ngā wā ka purua ngā tātari ipu nā te paru i roto i te wai puna, nā ngā mirumiru hau iti rānei mai i ngā pūwero hau o te taputapu.
Mō ēnei take, ka tūtohu mātou kia tāutahia he tātari ki raro i te totohu, ki runga rānei i te taputapu mēnā e tika ana.
I te Hononga o Amerika, ko ngā tuku wai tūmatanui e whakahaeretia ana e te Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) i raro i te Safe Inu Water Act, ā, ko te wai e puta mai ana i ngā whare maimoatanga wai tūmatanui me tutuki i ngā paerewa kounga tino pakari. Heoi, kāore i te whakahaeretia ngā poke katoa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā poke te tomo mai i muri i te putanga o te wai i te tipu maimoatanga mā roto i ngā paipa turuturu, mā roto rānei i te turuturu o ngā paipa (mēnā he mata). Mēnā ka mahia, ka kore rānei e arohia te maimoatanga wai i te tipu, ka kino ake te turuturu o ngā paipa o raro iho, pērā i te mea i tupu i Flint, Michigan.
Hei kimi i te mea tika kei roto i te wai o tō kaiwhakarato, ka taea e koe te rapu ipurangi mō te Pūrongo Whakapono Kaihoko (CCR) a tō kaiwhakarato ā-rohe kua whakaaetia e te EPA. Ki te kore, me whakarato e ngā kaiwhakarato wai tūmatanui katoa ā rātou CCR ki a koe ina tonoa.
Engari nā te mea ka taea te poke i raro i te wai, ko te huarahi anake hei whakatau he aha kei roto i te wai o tō whare ko te whakamātautau. Ka taea e tō taiwhanga kounga wai o te rohe te mahi i tēnei, ka taea rānei e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kete whakamātautau kāinga. I tirohia e mātou te 11 o aua mea i roto i tā mātou aratohu, ā, i tino miharo mātou ki te Tap Score a SimpleLab, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi, ā, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūrongo taipitopito, mārama hoki mō ngā poke kei roto i tō wai tap, mēnā he poke kei roto.
Mā te whakamātautau wai ā-rohe SimpleLab Tap Score matatau ka whakaratohia he tātaritanga whānui o tō wai inu, ā, he ngāwari hoki ki te pānui i ngā hua.
Hei whakarite kia tūtohu noa mātou i ngā tātari ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki, kua roa mātou e tohe ana kia tutuki ā mātou whiringa i te paerewa koura: te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF. Ko te American National Standards Institute (ANSI) me te National Science Foundation (NSF) he whakahaere tūmataiti, kore-moni e mahi tahi ana me te Environmental Protection Agency, ngā kaihanga me ētahi atu tohunga ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa kounga pakari me te whakamātautau i ngā mano tini o ngā hua, tae atu ki ngā tikanga wai. tātari.
I muri iho i te whakamahinga o ngā tauira "whakamātautau", he nui ake te poke i te nuinga o te wai paipa, ka taea e ngā tātari te tutuki i ngā paerewa tiwhikete, ā, he nui atu i te roa o te ora e tumanakohia ana.
Ko ngā taiwhanga tiwhikete tātari wai matua e rua ko te NSF tonu me te Water Quality Association (WQA). Kua whakamanahia katoatia ēnei e te ANSI me te Canadian Standards Council i Amerika Te Raki, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tiwhikete ANSI/NSF.
Engari i muri i ngā tau o te tautohetohe ā-roto, kua whakaaetia e mātou te reo ngāwari ake o te "whakamātautauhia ki ngā paerewa ANSI/NSF" kaua ki te tiwhikete whaimana, me ētahi tikanga tino pakari: Tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau e tētahi taiwhanga motuhake, ehara i te taiwhanga motuhake. Kaihanga tātari; tuarua, kua whakamanahia te taiwhanga e ANSI, e ētahi atu whakahaere ā-motu, whakahaere kāwanatanga rānei, ki te whakahaere whakamātautau pakari e ai ki ngā paerewa kua whakatūria; tuatoru, ka whakakitea e te kaihanga ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiwhanga whakamātautau, ōna hua me ngā tikanga; He nui te wheako o te kaihanga ki te hanga tātari kua whakamātauhia he haumaru, he pono, ā, he pono te whakaahuatanga.
I whakawhāitihia anō e mātou ki ngā tātari kua whakamanahia, kua rite rānei ki te rua o ngā paerewa matua o te ANSI/NSF (Paerewa 42 me te Paerewa 53) (e kapi ana i te chlorine me ētahi atu poke "ataahua" me ngā konganuku taumaha pērā i te mata) me ngā patupatu me ētahi atu matū waro). Ko te paerewa 401 hou e kapi ana i ngā "poke e puta ake ana," pērā i ngā rongoā, e kitea nuitia ana i roto i te wai i te United States, koia mātou i aro nui ai ki ngā tātari.
I tīmata mātou ki te rapu i ngā ipu wai rongonui e 10 ki te 11 kapu te kaha, me ngā ipu wai nui ake te kaha, he mea tino whai hua mō ngā whare e nui ana te wai e whakamahia ana. (He maha ngā kamupene e tuku ana i ngā ipu iti ake mō te hunga kāore e hiahia ana ki tētahi tauira rahi tonu.)
Kātahi ka whakaritea e mātou ngā taipitopito hoahoa (tae atu ki te momo kakau me te whakamarie), te ngāwari o te tāutanga me te whakakapinga o te tātari, te wāhi e nohoia ana e te ipu me te tohatoha i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, me te ōwehenga rōrahi o te tāke whakakī o runga ki te tāke "tātari" o raro. (Ko te teitei ake o te ōwehenga, ko te pai ake, nā te mea ka nui ake te wai tātari i ia wā ka whakamahia e koe te puna.)
I whakahaerehia e mātou ētahi whakamātautau i runga i ētahi tātari i te tau 2016, me te whakarite i ā mātou hua ki ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF me ngā kereme a te kaihanga. I roto i tana taiwhanga, i ine a John Holecek i te tere o te tango a ia tātari i te chlorine. Mō ā mātou kōwhiringa tuatahi e rua, i kirimana mātou mō te whakamātautau tango mata motuhake mā te whakamahi i ngā otinga poke mata he nui ake i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te NSF i roto i tana whakaaetanga tiwhikete.
Ko tā mātou whakaaro matua mai i tā mātou whakamātautau ko te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF, te tiwhikete ōrite rānei, he tohu pono mō te mahi a te tātari. Kāore tēnei i te miharo i te āhua pakari o ngā paerewa tiwhikete. Mai i taua wā, kua whakawhirinaki mātou ki te tiwhikete ANSI/NSF, ki te tiwhikete ōrite rānei, hei whakatau i te mahi a tētahi tātari.
Ko tā mātou whakamātautau e whai ake nei e arotahi ana ki te whakamahinga o te ao tūturu, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga mahi me ngā ngoikoretanga ka kitea noa iho ina tīmata koe ki te whakamahi i ngā hua i roto i te wā.
Neke atu i te 30 ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF o tēnei tauira—he nui atu i tētahi atu tātari o tōna akomanga—ā, kua hangaia kia ono marama te roa i waenga i ngā whakakapinga. Engari, pērā i ngā tātari katoa, ka taea te ārai.
Kua whakamanahia ngā tātari Brita Elite (ko Longlast+ i mua) e ANSI/NSF hei kite i ngā poke neke atu i te 30 (PDF), tae atu ki te mata, te mercury, ngā kirihou moroiti, te asbestos, me ngā PFAS e rua: te waikawa perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) me te waikawa perfluorinated octane sulfonic (PFOS). Nā tēnei koia te tātari ipu tino whakamanahia kua whakamatautauria e mātou, ā, he mea hoki e taunakihia ana e mātou mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te rangimarie o te hinengaro.
Kua whakamātauhia kia tangohia e ia ētahi atu paru noa. Kei roto i ēnei ko te chlorine (e tāpirihia ana ki te wai hei whakaiti i ngā huakita me ētahi atu mate urutā, ā, koinei te tino take o te wai paipa reka kore); te carbon tetrachloride, he matū waro pūngāwerewere e kino ana ki te ate, ā, e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā puna wai; I kitea ngā "pūhui hou", tae atu ki te bisphenol A (BPA), te DEET (he ārai pepeke noa) me te estrone (he momo hangai o te estrogen).
Ahakoa he huringa whakakapinga te nuinga o ngā tātari ipu ia 40 karani, ia rua marama rānei, ko te huringa whakakapinga a te Elite he 120 karani, ia ono marama rānei. Ko te tikanga, e rua noa ngā tātari Elite e whakamahia ana e koe i ia tau, kaua ki te ono, ka iti ake te para, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakakī mā te 50%.
Mō te tātari ipu, ka tere te mahi. I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, e rima ki te whitu meneti noa iho te roa o te whakakī i te tātari Elite hou. Ko ngā tātari rite te rahi kua whakamatautauria e mātou ka roa ake te wā—10 meneti, neke atu rānei te nuinga.
Engari he whakatūpato kei reira. Pērā i te nuinga o ngā tātari ipu, ka taea e te Elite te aukati ngāwari, ka taea ai te whakaroa i tana tere tātari, te aukati rānei i tana tātari katoa, ko te tikanga me whakakapi pinepine koe. He maha, he maha ngā rangatira kua amuamu mō tēnei take, ā, i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, ka tīmata te Elite ki te noho pōturi i mua i te ekenga ki tōna kaha 120-karani. Mena he raruraru mōhiotia kei a koe me te paru i roto i tō wai puna (he tohu pinepine nō ngā paipa waikura), tera pea ka rite anō tō wheako.
Ā, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki te tiakitanga katoa a te hunga rangatira. Mena kei te mōhio koe he pai te kounga o tō wai tap (ka taea tēnei te whakatau mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu whakamātautau kāinga), ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia te ipu turanga me te tātari o te Brita Standard mō te tuku wai. E rima noa iho ngā tiwhikete ANSI/NSF (PDF), tae atu ki te chlorine (engari ehara i te mata, ngā mea rauropi, ngā poke hou rānei), he rerekē rawa atu tēnei i te taumata tiwhikete kei a Elite. Engari he iti ake te utu, he iti ake te aukati i te wai, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te reka o tō wai.